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Frequently Asked Question
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Cirrhosis
What Causes Cirrhosis?
The main causes include chronic hepatitis B or C, long-term heavy alcohol use, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and autoimmune conditions. Less common triggers are genetic disorders like hemochromatosis or Wilson's disease. Early intervention on these factors can slow progression.
What Are Early Symptoms?
Early cirrhosis often has no symptoms, earning it the "silent" label, but subtle signs include fatigue, mild appetite loss, and weight changes. As it advances, symptoms like jaundice, swelling in legs or abdomen, and easy bruising appear. Regular check-ups catch it early via blood tests.
How Is Cirrhosis Diagnosed?
Doctors start with a physical exam, medical history, and blood tests for liver function. Imaging like ultrasound or FibroScan follows, with biopsy confirming scarring in unclear cases. Questions to ask include: "What's causing my cirrhosis?" and "Can it be slowed?"
Can Cirrhosis Be Reversed?
Early-stage (compensated) cirrhosis can improve or stabilize by treating the cause, like antivirals for hepatitis C or quitting alcohol. Advanced scarring is irreversible, but managing complications extends life. Liver transplant is an option for end-stage cases.
What Lifestyle Changes Help Manage It?
Stop alcohol completely, follow a low-sodium diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins (under 2g salt daily), and maintain a healthy weight. Vaccines for hepatitis A/B, flu, and pneumonia are crucial due to infection risks. Avoid liver-toxic meds like certain painkillers.
What Are Common Complications?
Key issues include fluid buildup (ascites), variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy (confusion), kidney problems, and liver cancer risk. Treatments like diuretics, banding, or lactulose manage these; seek immediate care for vomiting blood or severe confusion.
When Is Liver Transplant Needed?
Transplant is for decompensated cirrhosis with life-threatening complications or liver failure. Survival rates are high (85-90% at one year), but eligibility requires sobriety and no active cancer. Screening involves full health evaluation.
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